翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Stacey Jones ・ Stacey Jordan ・ Stacey Kade ・ Stacey Katu ・ Stacey Keating ・ Stacey Kemp ・ Stable manifold theorem ・ Stable map ・ Stable marriage problem ・ Stable Master ・ Stable Mates ・ Stable model category ・ Stable model semantics ・ Stable module category ・ Stable normal bundle ・ Stable nucleic acid lipid particle ・ Stable nuclide ・ Stable ocean hypothesis ・ Stable on the Strand ・ Stable polynomial ・ Stable process ・ Stable range condition ・ Stable roommates problem ・ Stable set ・ Stable storage ・ Stable Strategies for Middle Management ・ Stable theory ・ Stable value fund ・ Stable vector bundle ・ Stable vices Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Stable nucleic acid lipid particle ： ウィキペディア英語版 Stable nucleic acid lipid particle Stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) are microscopic particles approximately 120 nanometers in diameter, smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. They have been used to deliver siRNAs therapeutically to mammals ''in vivo''. In SNALPs, the siRNA is surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing a mixture of cationic and fusogenic lipids, coated with diffusible polyethylene glycol. ==Introduction== RNA interference(RNAi) is a process that occurs naturally within the cytoplasm inhibiting gene expression at specific sequences. Regulation of gene expression through RNAi is possible by introducing small interfering RNAs(siRNAs), which effectively silence expression of a targeted gene. RNAi activates the RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC) containing siRNA, siRNA derived from cleaved dsRNA. The siRNA guides the RISC complex to a specific sequence on the mRNA that is cleaved by RISC and, consequently, silences those genes. However, without modifications to the RNA backbone or inclusion of inverted bases at either end, siRNA instability in the plasma makes it extremely difficult to apply this technique ''in vivo''. Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs), which can be grouped as endocytic PRRs or signaling PRRs, are expressed in all cells of the innate immune system. Signaling PRRs, in particular, include Toll-like receptors(TLRs) and are involved primarily with identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs). For example, TLRs can recognize specific regions conserved in various pathogens, recognition stimulating an immune response with potentially devastating effects to the organism. In particular, TLR 3 recognizes both dsRNA characteristic of viral replication and siRNA, which is also double-stranded. In addition to this instability, another limitation of siRNA therapy concerns the inability to target a tissue with any specificity. SNALPs, though, may provide the stability and specificity required for this mode of RNAi therapy to be effective. Consisting of a lipid bilayer, SNALPs are able to provide stability to siRNAs by protecting them from nucleases within the plasma that would degrade them. In addition, delivery of siRNAs is subject to endosomal trafficking, potentially exposing them to TLR3 and TLR7, and can lead to activation of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. However, SNALPs allow siRNA uptake into the endosome without activating Toll-like receptors and consequently stimulating an impeding immune response, thus enabling siRNA escape from the endosome.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stable nucleic acid lipid particle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.